Business ethics essay questions
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Social Media Coca Cola Essay Sample free essay sample
Internet based life alludes to the organizations of collaborations among individuals where they make. partition. trade and comment on substance among themselves in functional networks and networks. Kinds of Social Media Various kinds of cultural media incorporate collective endeavors, for example, Wikipedia. web logs, for example, Blogger. cultural systems administration destinations, for example, Twitter and Facebook. content networks, for example, YouTube. what's more, commonsense universes, for example, Second Life. Internet based life and Marketing Web based life gives merchants a voice and a way to pass on with approaches. customers and potential purchasers. It customizes the ââ¬Å"brandâ⬠and encourages you to circulate your message in a loose and casual way. Coca Cola and Social Media Marketing Each twenty-four hours. individuals examine. contention and include The Coca-Cola Company and our exchange names 1000s of on-line discussions. We perceive the basic significance of take separating in these on-line discussions and are focused on guaranting that we take an interest in on-line cultural media the correct way. We will compose a custom exposition test on Internet based life: Coca Cola Essay Sample or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page These Online Social Media Principles have been created to help approve our partners to participate in this new wilderness of selling and interchanges. represent our Company. what's more, parcel the idealistic and positive alcohols of our exchange names. Plan: Coca Cola late shared their selling program with the universe. demoing that they have really grasped the communitarian idea of Social Media. As segment of their Social Media conspire. Coke is seting the complement back on the shopper. They utilize dynamic narrating as bit of the substance imaginative action methodology. doing it intriguing. energizing and deliberate. Objectives: * Develop Social Media as an additional selling A ; marking divert ( in partnership with bing ââ¬Ëtraditionalââ¬â¢ channels ) * To be everyplace their buyers are* Provide an arrangement of ways for buyers to partake in the arrangement Target Audience: Coke fans. pro fans. what's more, buyers Message:Tell account of the core exchange name and let shoppers to move frontward that message. Approach:Coke has applied what they call the ââ¬Ëââ¬â¢4Rââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬â¢ assault to Social Media utilization: * Reappraisal: Proctor and way online discussions about Coke * Respond: Reacting quickly and appropriately to comments on the web. ensure representatives entrusted to respond are ââ¬Ëcertifiedââ¬â¢ ( prepared to respond ) * Record: Cardinal advances and indexs of achievement Divert: Directing the cultural media traffic back to the main Coke site. guaranting there are connects on all locales The vision of the Company to achieve practical becoming on the web and disconnected is guided by certain mutual qualities that we live by as an association and as people: * LEADERSHIP: The valiance to decide a superior from now on ; * COLLABORATION: Leveraging our corporate driving force ;* INTEGRITY: Being existent ;* ACCOUNTABILITY: Acknowledging that on the off chance that it is to be. itââ¬â¢s up to me ; * PASSION: Showing committedness in chest and head ;* DIVERSITY: Being each piece comprehensive as our exchange names ; and* Quality: Guaranting what we do. we do great. These Online Social Media Principles are expected to portray how these qualities ought to be shown in the on-line cultural media boundless and to guide your commitment in this nation. both when you are think about splitting literally. each piece great as when you are proceeding onward sake of the Company. It is important that we ever recover who we are ( a selling organization ) and what our capacity is in the cultural media network ( to develop our exchange names ) . Similar guidelines that apply to our informing and correspondences in conventional media despite everything use in the on-line cultural media boundless ; just on the grounds that the turn of events and execution of an on-line cultural media plan can be quick. simple. what's more, modest doesnââ¬â¢t imply that various guidelines apply. The Company empowers the entirety of its partners to investigate and arraign in cultural media networks at a degree at which they feel comfortable. Have some good times. in any case, be shrewd. The best counsel is to approach on-line universes in a similar way we do the physical one â⬠by using good instinct and presence of mind. by holding fast to the Companyââ¬â¢s esteems. also, by following the Code of Business Conduct and all other material approaches. Organization Committedness The Company clings unequivocally to its core esteems in the on-line cultural media network. what's more, we expect a similar committedness from all Company agents â⬠including Company partners. what's more, partners of our dressers. merchants and suppliers. Any disparity from these committednesss might be skilled to disciplinary reappraisal or other fitting activity. The Five Core Valuess of the Company in the Online Social Media Community 1. Straightforwardness in each cultural media fight. The Company does non pardon pull stringsing the cultural media stream by making ââ¬Å"fakeâ⬠finishs and stations intended to mislead followings and order a discussion. Each Web website. ââ¬Å"fan pageâ⬠. or then again other on-line finish that is at long last constrained by the Company must do that reality known to clients and must be approved fitting to material inward conventions so as to follow and administer the Companyââ¬â¢s online nearness. We other than require bloggers and cultural media influencers to open up to their perusers when weââ¬â¢re tie ining with them. regardless of whether by providing them with stock examples or facilitating them at Company occasions. furthermore, we have to administer whether they are following with this interest. 2. Assurance of our consumersââ¬â¢ privateness. This implies we ought to be careful sing any Personally Identifiable Information ( PII ) that we gather. counting how we gather. shop. utilization. or on the other hand divide that PII. which should all be done compliant with relevant Privacy Policies. Torahs and IT arrangements. 3. Regard of right of first distributions. trademarks. privileges of advancement. what's more, other outsider rights in the on-line cultural media unbounded. counting as for client created content ( UGC ) . How exactly you do this may rely upon your impossible to miss situation. so work with your cross-useful crews to do educated. fitting judgments. 4. Obligation in our utilization of designing. We will non use or aline the Company with any associations or Web locales that convey the utilization of over the top trailing bundle. adware. malware or spyware. 5. Utilization of best examples. tuning in to the online network. furthermore, similarity with pertinent laws to ensure that these Online Social Media Principles stay current and mirror the most exceptional and fitting measures of conduct. Organization AND AGENCY ASSOCIATESââ¬â¢ ONLINE SOCIAL MEDIA ACTIVITIES The Company regards the privileges of its partners and its approved agenciesââ¬â¢ partners to use web logs and other cultural media apparatuses non simply as a signifier of self-articulation. in any case, other than as an office to encourage the Companyââ¬â¢s concern. It is of import that all partners are aware of the conclusions of indicting in signifiers of cultural media and on-line discussions that reference the Company as well as the associateââ¬â¢s relationship with the Company and its exchange names. furthermore, that partners perceive when the Company may be considered answerable for their conduct. Desires for Online SpokespeopleMerely similarly as with customary media. we get an opportunity â⬠and an obligation â⬠to adequately pull off the Companyââ¬â¢s notoriety on the web and to specifically indict and partake during the 1000s of on-line discussions that notice us each twenty-four hours. The accompanying 10 guidelines steer how our Certified Online Spokespeople should represent the Company in an on the web. official limit when they are talking ââ¬Å"on benefit of the Company: â⬠* Be Certified in the Social Media Certification Program. All partners who wish to authoritatively represent the Company online must completion the Social Media Certification Program preceding get bringing down or go oning these exercises. * Follow our Code of Business Conduct and all other Company arrangements. Our Code of Business Conduct gives the establishment to these Online Social Media Principles: ââ¬Å"As an agent of [ the Company ] . you should move with honestness and solid arity in all undertakings. â⬠This committedness is valid for all signifiers of cultural media. In add-on. a few different arrangements administer your conduct as a Company mediator in the on-line cultural media unbounded. counting the Information Protection Policy and the Insider Trading Policy. * Be mindful that you are stand foring the Company. As a Company delegate. it is of import that your stations pass on a similar positive. idealistic soul that the Company imparts in the entirety of its correspondences. Be conscious everything being equal. races. beliefs and civic establishments ; how you act in the on-line cultural media interminable non simply ponders you â⬠it is an immediate thought on the Company. * Fully open up your relationship with the Company. The Company requires all partners who are pass oning in the interest of the Company to ever open up their name and their affiliation. It is neer worthy to use accepted names or in any case trick individuals. Express your relationship with the Company from the earliest starting point. e. g. . ââ¬Å"Hi. Iââ¬â¢m John and I work for The Coca-Cola Companyâ⬠¦ . â⬠This disclosure is all of import for any organization/merchant/accomplice/outsider who is stand foring the Company on the web. They should open up that they work ââ¬Å"with The Coca-Cola Company. â⬠* Keep records. It is important that we track our associations in the on-line cultural media endless and manage the exercises of those with whom we lock in.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Round table discussion Essay Example
Round table conversation Paper My major Is business organization. I am a sensible, aspiring person who has set aside the effort to consider my future and my objectives. I have attempted and finished my two years course in China. Being a student from another school to a remote nation expects me to constantly center, and concentrate increasingly more as the course has created. Furthermore, it is likewise offer me a chance to proceed with further instruction. I picked business organization as a general degree, which allowed e the chance to learn and test all parts of the board and business with the goal that I recognized what I needed to had some expertise in. By methods for my training and experience, there are a couple of things wherein I accept profoundly that can create people. As a matter of first importance, we should pick the correct course, that Is, to pick a particular and clear destinations. Defining an objective Is Like structure a pyramid. The intensity of target Is colossal. After the objective, we should set up It immovably. At that point I accept everybody needs to succeed ND achievement Is around everybody, regardless of whether the achievement Is a little one. As a matter of fact, achievement implies various things for various individuals. Some may liken it with cash, some with work and still some with other. Whatever your fantasies are, you have an objective there and afterward center all your consideration around it. At that point achievement makes certain to hang tight for you at some place. With regards to values, my first idea was a standard model of everything. We will compose a custom article test on Round table conversation explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Round table conversation explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Round table conversation explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer It is far away from progress on the off chance that you are just with the acknowledgment of grant and capacity by society. You ought to taint others with moral appeal. Win the trust and regard of others, at that point you will the chances and achievement. Profound quality is an express, an interest, yet additionally a power to advance its forward. Our obligation Is to adhere to the reality of good throughout everyday life. We ought to have social inner voice. I accept that since favorable luck had give me with superior to average chance, I have an obligation to act In our networks. Therefore, I should give more than get. I trust probably the best thought of all occasions is a persuading moral power which is the idea f the nobility and worth of human person. That is my guiding principle. In my life I have given myself certain objectives, some identifying with my own life and some to my life in the business world, which I will put forth a valiant effort to finish. I don't have faith in destiny. Regardless of under what conditions anybody would get an opportunity to change their predetermination on the off chance that they buckle down. So I will keep on pursueing the advancement of myself. That alludes to the quest for my own characteristics and advance my own insight. Whats mineral, let my family live In bliss. Being a decent relative. I additionally arranged budgetary objectives. The most Important one is truly survey my month to month costs. Do I truly need to pay such a slope of bills? While Im fortunate enough now In my life not to be living month to month, that favorable luck has made me lazier about creation sure Im not Just squandering cash. Before the finish of my graduation, I plan on dissecting the costs and making modifications that ideally suit my way of life better and spare me effective future.
Tuesday, August 18, 2020
Premed and Me (frankly speaking)
Premed and Me (frankly speaking) Before committing to any major choice, I think you have to be ready and willing. As regards me and my decision to be premed, I had few doubts that I was willing. That decision had stayed alive from at least sophomore year of high school. Even with me diving head-first into studying for the MCAT (which demands quite a lot of time), Im still willing. But I didnt want to be the guy who was estimating my position in the class, relative to how other friends were doing on exams and p-sets. I didnt want to be the guy who inquired about GPAs, or put my resume or future application and someone elses on balancing scales. The cynical, numbers and one-upmanship equivalent of the Not necessarily being the fastest guy when a bear is chasing you, but only faster than whoevers in last place kind of deal didnt jibe with me. And I guess it didnt jibe with many other premeds that I know, because that preconceived notion of how my academic life would be like died out within maybe 3 semesters of MIT. It just didnt happen here. Its a curse and a blessing. The blessing part first: Even back in my old high school a public school some of my peers in AP courses rendered decisions on relative competence on the basis of at least 2-5 points on a test or exam, or whoever pulled out ahead, depending on whatever was most convenient. It was something that unfolded right after your graded work landed on the desk in front of you. And it was also unnecessary. Thankfully, Ive never had that feeling here at MIT. Im free to pursue whats academically interesting or challenging, with nothing to answer to beyond my own standards and those of my professors. Its liberating. None of this changes the fact that applications still ask for and value grades, test scores, and extracurricular activities and none apparently more so than med school applications. Herein lies the curse: if youre not comparing your performance to something, how do you know what shape youre in come your application season? More pertinent to what was going on in my mind: is it right to feel like any less of a premed when youre doing X, but someone you know is (probably?) doing 27*X^3496024, and also W, Y, and Z, and still probably (maybe?) getting better grades than you? Its enough to make you feel like maybe, youre out of your depth. Its seldom (if ever) true, but it didnt stop me from momentarily feeling that way. Then I scheduled an appointment with MITs prehealth office. It was something that I had to do to stay on the premed path, but its also something that I was glad that I did. As it turns out, I wasnt doing bad at all; I was on a good trend, actually. And my advisor even had very helpful advice on what to do next, which thankfully didnt sound like Start everything over, because youre gonna need a lot of help to get to where you ought to be. It was more like, Keep it up. Study for the MCAT. And dont forget to shadow doctors and research med schools. I feel a lot more ready for what I want to do as a result. So what might that mean for a future, perhaps hesitant premed that comes to MIT? I know the chief concerns are grades, finding things to do, doing well in them, getting leadership activities, volunteer experience, shadowing physiciansor basically, balancing all that plus the kitchen sink. I wont trivialize the requirements; theyre things I still take seriously. But there are a few, deceptively easy things have been helping so far. I focus on school when I have to, and retire to do fun stuff when I dont and when my brain refuses to get any more work done at a given time, in spite of some deadline coming up, I dont fight the feeling and opt to cut myself some slack. I read textbooks and other books; I try not to fall off the face of the earth; I got a Netflix instant subscription I use to watch some really weird movies as a result. Knowing when to knuckle down and when to kick your feet up is a big help. Most importantly, I found and did the things that interest me. For extracurriculars, thats primarily mental health advocacy with MITs chapter of Active Minds; for classes, it was honestly just whatever looked cool, rather than whatever seemed to fit the bill for an application. I cant stress how vital that is. That bit makes what I do an extension of who I am, which is easier to enjoy and justify to others than things I find to be a chore. Youll want to do your best in what you like, anyway, so the rest kind of falls into place. For what doesnt, theres a really nice prehealth advising office here. Theyll supply the logistics and the deadlines, then do some magical stuff behind the scenes so you dont sweat the details, like making sure your letters of recommendation get done, or getting your personal statement some expert feedback. I havent used them that much yet, as my application process has just started to wind up, but they do offer a ton of very helpful resources, which Hamsika can attest to. So if you want to be a doctor and are thinking of coming to MIT first, youre not setting yourself up to do The Impossible, or even The Inordinately Stressful. (Okay, it still can be very stressful being a student here at times, but the premed track doesnt have to magnify that to a super-unreasonable degree.) Theres a way to hack it here, given the right perspective, and I hope my own thoughts on it have helped you out, if youre on the fence about being premed at MIT.
Sunday, May 24, 2020
Significant Figures Example Chemistry Problem
Here are three examples determining significant figures. When asked to find significant figures, remember and follow these simple rules: Any nonzero digit is significant.A zero between two nonzero digits is always significant.Trailing zeros are significant if they are at the end of a number and to the right of the decimal point.Leading zeros to the left of the first nonzero digit are not significant. For example, placeholder zeros in the number 0.005 are not significant (only the 5 is significant).If a number ends with a zero, but it is not to the right of a decimal point, it may or may not be significant. Generally, its safest to assume it is not significant. If you take a measurement where the final zero is significant, be sure to include the decimal point to make yourself clear. Significant Figure Example Problem Three students weigh an item using different scales. These are the values they report: a. 20.03 gb. 20.0 gc. 0.2003 kg How many significant figures should be assumed in each measurement? Solution a. 4.b. 3. The zero after the decimal point is significant because it indicates that the item was weighed to the nearest 0.1 g.c. 4. The zeros at the left are not significant. They are only present because the mass was written in kilograms rather than in grams. The values 20.03 g and 0.02003 kg represent the same quantities. Answer In addition to the solution presented above, be advised you can get the correct answers very quickly by expressing the masses in scientific (exponential) notation: 20.03 g 2.003 x 101 g (4 significant figures)20.0 g 2.00 x 101 g (3 significant figures)0.2003 kg 2.003 x 10-1 kg (4 significant figures)
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
An Unfolding of William Blakes quot; the Chimney...
An Unfolding of William Blakes The Chimney Sweeper. William Blakes poem The Chimney Sweeper gives us a look into the unfortunate lives of 18th century London boys whose primary job was to clear chimneys of the soot that accumulated on its interior; boys that were named climbing boys or chimney sweepers. Blake, a professional engraver, wrote this poem (aabb rhyme), in the voice of a young boy, an uneducated chimney sweeper. This speaker is obviously a persona, a fictitious character created by Blake, as it is apparent that he wasnt a child or a chimney sweeper at the time he wrote this poem. The Chimney Sweeper is divided in six stanzas; the first stanza of this narrative poem starts off with the young chimney sweeper,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The voice of the story, the young boy, in the seventh verse showed compassion for the new climbing boy and by doing this he made visible to us that the real child in him had not died, that although he had to work in conditions that were not suitable for a boy his age, he still kept his humanity. In the poems next 2 stanzas the narrator speaks about a dream that Tom Dacre had the same day his youth was taken from him. He had dreamt that sweepers whom he knew where all of them locked up in coffins of black. The black color of these coffins means, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, seriously bad or unfortunate, associated with severely bad conditions or misfortune. The coffins, which are a container in which a dead body is placed for a burial (OED), represent all of them being trapped in this miserable black world where, ironically, children worked to make money for adults. The entire dream is influenced by Toms fear of being trapped in this hell for all his life. Later, in the fifth stanza an Angel appeared in Toms dream that opened up the coffins and set them free of their misfortune. This angel that freed them can be considered as an omen, a sign that shows how something, good or bad, will happen in the future. Tom ran down a flat expanse of land with the sweepers where they had fun and washed themselves up. The words bright and shine Blake used in verses thirteen
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Argument for the legalization of Marijuana Free Essays
Can I see a show of hands how many people have ever smoked Cannabis, also known as Marijuana? I see none of you have raised your hands. Well evidently no one would want to admit to a criminal action in front of others from their community. But why is it that smoking ââ¬Ëpotââ¬â¢ is so forbidden in our society? George Washington said, ââ¬Å"Make the most of the Indian hemp seed, and sow it everywhere! â⬠Marijuana is a natural plant, known to grow in the wild in Central and South Asia. We will write a custom essay sample on Argument for the legalization of Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Traces of people smoking Marijuana go back as far as 3,000 B. C so, what had changed over the years to make cannabis illegal? When considering the legalization of marijuana, the normal reaction would be to think about the negative factors of the drug. But what people forget is, marijuanaââ¬â¢s positive features overrule the negatives by far. There would be many benefits if the ââ¬Ëdrugââ¬â¢ where to be legalized, especially for the government and the economy as a whole. Our government spends 500 million pounds a year on ââ¬Ëoverall response to drugsââ¬â¢, but receive no taxes from the estimated 1. 8 billion pound illegal drug market. If our government were to legalize marijuana, they could place high taxes on it because people are used to buying the drug at a high price anyway because of the risk of selling it illegally. This would be very beneficial to the government because they would have a larger increase of tax that then could be fed into the NHS and other funds, which are beneficial to the general public. This brings me neatly onto my next point, I am fully aware of the abuse potential of the drug, but its value to the medical world outweighs this potential by far. Although the argument of legalizing marijuana is extremely controversial, without knowing it, hundreds of people around you are in desperate need of its medical side, and are suffering dramatically without it. How would you feel? Marijuana would be of high value to the suffering, distressed, and disheartened cancer patients fighting for their lives. Let me try and paint you a picture: imagine there is only one medication that will relieve you from the pain you are caused by nausea, marijuana will free you of this pain and will give you a little bit of assurance and courage that you need to keep on believing that you are going to be safe. But yet, we still refuse to believe that the drug is acceptable, but there is something I must ask you all. Do you know what ââ¬Ëthe black marketââ¬â¢ is? Well let me tell you, the black market is a market in goods or services in violation of legal structures defining the scope of appropriate forms of trade. It is a market for products that are illegal or stolen. Marijuana appears frequently in the market, and has become extremely popular. The problem with the drugs produced in the black market is that they are not manufactured under any safety or health regulations, this can result in unsafe drugs being produced and users experiencing problems from consuming unknown substances. If the government where to legalize marijuana they could potentially safe lives, as the drug could be bought in shops from legal proprietors, this would assure users of good quality and information about what you are buying and consuming. Jeffery Miron, the visiting professor of economics at Harvard University estimates the national marijuana market at about 10 billion pounds per year. When will the public and government realize? Marijuana is only dangerous and harmful when sold and consumed illegally, and the government is preventing and keeping us from a product that is so beneficial not only to cancer patients, but also to the paper and clothing industries, the government itself, and for the crime rate of our country. Long gone are the days when we could go outside at night and not be worried about our safety, long gone are the days when we didnââ¬â¢t have to worry about our kids getting involved in gang activity, and long gone are the days in which we had the freedom to consume a substance which satisfied us. I am thoroughly aware of how high the UKââ¬â¢s crime rate is, and how terrifying and worrying it is for the citizens of our country. I am aware that the amount of crime that goes on in our country impacts and affects almost every single person in the country, which is why legalizing marijuana would be extremely helpful. The crime rate in the Netherlands is generally low, especially compared to other European countries with tougher crime polices such as the UK. Indeed, in the UK they have found that 60% of inmates in British jails have served a jail sentence previously. In the UK where the consumption of marijuana is illegal the crime rate is actually higher than in Amsterdam where it is legal and the consumption is lower. This proves that, if our government was to legalize marijuana, it would result in the use actually decreasing, as it is known that when humans are not allowed to do something it appears much more attractive, and have a larger urge to do it. How to cite Argument for the legalization of Marijuana, Essays
Monday, May 4, 2020
Should Worldcom Ceo Bernard Ebbers Been Sentenced to 25 Years in Prison free essay sample
The WorldCom fraud that came to light in 2002 was an example of many things that went wrong within the organization. Unethical conduct by its senior leadership beginning with Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Bernard Ebbers was certainly at the forefront of these problems. The question is should a CEO like Ebbers have been sentenced to prison for his liability in the WorldCom scandal? My answer is yes, he shouldââ¬â¢ve gone to prison as well as other CEOs who engage in unethical conduct that results in laws being violated. I will support my answer by aking a look at the duties of a CEO, focusing on leadership responsibilities and accountability. I will discuss causes of ethical problems in CEOs and finish by discussing utilitarian and deontological ethical issues as they pertained to Ebbers. Background As the telecommunications industry slowed in the late 1990s, WorldComââ¬â¢s stock price began to decrease. Ebbers came under pressure from financial institutions to cover margin calls on WorldCom stock he used to finance other businesses (Vasatka, 2007). From 1999 to 2002, a few WorldCom senior executives engaged in fraudulent accounting practices. These practices were esigned to portray losses as growth to the public. The Board of Directors met on June 25, 2002 and decided to publish a revised financial statement for 2001 and first quarter 2002. They also decided to report this action to the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the events leading up to it (WorldCom, 2002). The SEC launched its own investigation into the matter (Vasatka, 2007) and brought civil action against a number of WorldCom executives in June 2002 (SEC, 2002). WorldCom filed for bankruptcy protection on July 21, 2002. The U. S. Justice Department rought criminal charges against Ebbers and several other WorldCom executives. For his role in the scandal, Ebbers was convicted in Federal court on March 15, 2005 and then on July 13, 2005 sentenced to 25 years in prison. The CEO as a Leader To examine the issues in this case from a normative ethics viewpoint, I believe that we should see what a CEO does in performing the leadership functions of their job as they relate to ethical issues. A good description of the CEOââ¬â¢s leadership role can be found in The Duties of a Chief Executive Officer (Wibowo Kleiner, 2005). The authors cite information in CEO The CEOââ¬â¢s leadership duties include ââ¬Å"gives the board of directors some advice, promotes organizational and stakeholder changes related to the organisationââ¬â¢s goals and objectives with confidence, has intuitive, encouraging innovation, assigning and organizing all the employees to give their contribution, and supports the motivation of the employees. This challenges a CEO to be a good model for the organisation. â⬠(Wibowo Kleiner, 2005). Weââ¬â¢ve seen that the CEO is both a leader who is to be a good model for the organization and lso responsible for what does or doesnââ¬â¢t happen in an organization. There is another role a CEO has not mentioned here specially but which is implied nonetheless ââ¬â accountability. Accountability is defined in the dictionary as ââ¬Å"the quality or state of being accountable; especially: an obligation or willingness to accept responsibility or to account for ones actions lt;public officials lacking accountabilityâ ⬠(Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2008). As CEO of WorldCom, Ebbers was a leader for that organization who was responsible and accountable for what did or did not happen during his tenure. Causes of Ethical Problems in CEOs The position of CEO is one that has a great deal of power. There is a quote from British historian Lord Acton (1834-1902): ââ¬Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely. Great men are almost always bad menâ⬠(Lewis, n. d. ). In the article No Fair Shake for Shareholders, the author discusses the CEO personality as possibly contributing to the ethical problems that arise with some CEOs. Traits such as a strong ego, left unchecked can turn into bad behavior. CEOs normally are good salesmen and they often sell themselves on how good they are which inflates their egos. A weak board of directors can fail to hold a CEO accountable. He stresses board responsibilities relative to CEO accountability (Wilson, 1989). In the article The Responsibility of the CEO Providing Ethical and Moral Leadership, Lewis says that there is a difference between what is legal and what is ethical. He stresses the need for a culture of ethics within an organization where all team players practice good ethics, including the CEO. He says laws only deal with part of the ethical issues faced by businesses. He cites heavy competition and pressure many employees feel to engage in unethical behavior as some of the keys to the problem. Good corporate governance, beginning with the CEO, is very important to building a good ethical culture within the organization (Lewis, 2002). Discussion of Ethical Issues Pertaining to Ebbers Ebbers had a responsibility to the employees of the company, investors, and the public to report WorldComââ¬â¢s finances accurately and honestly. He was accountable to the board of directors for his actions as CEO ââ¬â both good and bad. Ebbers shouldââ¬â¢ve had loyalty to these people to help them avoid the monetary losses resulting from WorldComââ¬â¢s shaky financial situation. This is an example of a utilitarian ethics issue. Due to his position, he shouldââ¬â¢ve had the greater good of all these people in mind as he ran WorldCom. However, Ebbers allowed unethical practices to continue with his knowledge, with the consequence that many people lost money when WorldCom went bankrupt. Ebbers had an obligation to provide honest financial statements in order to not to violate the rights of others. He failed in this obligation, violating the rights of many people in the process. This is an example of deontological ethics. Continuing on this track, investors also have a right to know the truth about companies that they are investing in or may invest in. They also have an obligation to learn as much about the companies they are investing in or planning to invest in. Due to the fraud committed by senior executives and allowed by Ebbers, WorldComââ¬â¢s public financial statements made it difficult for investors to know the truth about its financial health. Even with the fraudulent statements, some investors were able to learn of some of the irregularities in WorldCom. Shareholders filed a lawsuit against WorldCom in June 2001 alleging widespread fraudulent accounting practices. The case was subsequently thrown out by a judge in Mississippi (Weinberg, 2002). In this example of deontological ethics shareholders acted to protect their rights. Also by learning the truth about WorldCom they fulfilled their obligation to gain as much knowledge about the company as they could. In addition to Ebbersââ¬â¢ failings, there are others that should be mentioned in this discussion of ethics. First, WorldCom documents and testimony of employees revealed that some employees discovered problems as far back as 2000, tried to do something to correct them, and failed (Waggoner, 2002). The question is how hard did these people try to correct what they saw that was wrong? From a utilitarian ethics perspective, they had to know many people could get hurt if this continued. Secondly, regarding the shareholder lawsuit previously mentioned why didnââ¬â¢t the board of directors or the SEC act when these allegations were made? The board failed to hold Ebbers accountable for the accounting fraud that was being uncovered nearly two years from the time it went public in 2000. From a deontological ethics viewpoint, they had an obligation to look into these allegations so that the rights of others wouldnââ¬â¢t be violated. Conclusion Ebbersââ¬â¢ conviction and prison sentence were justified. From a utilitarian ethics perspective, he was responsible and accountable to serve the greater good of others and failed in that capacity. From a deontological viewpoint, he also had an obligation to ensure the rights of others associated with WorldCom wouldnââ¬â¢t be violated and he failed to meet this obligation as well. Contributing factors to the WorldCom fiasco were poor corporate governance and a corporate culture where some employees were aware of problems but failed to get corrective action taken.
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